Revue de Qumrân 114, tome 31 (2019)

  • REYMOND, Eric D., "A New Hebrew Word (zlq 'Lightning') and Other New Readings in the Hebrew Manuscripts of Ben Sira (MS B: MS heb.e.62 and T-S 16.313)," RdQ 31 (2019), 169-188.
    AbstractThree new readings in the medieval Hebrew manuscripts of Ben Sira (Ms B: MS heb.e.62 and T-S 16.313) are described in this article. The first, זלק 'lightning (flash/bolt)' in Sir 43:13, is otherwise unknown in Hebrew and likely reflects secondary influence on the Ben Sira text from Syriac. The second, צי 'desert-dweller' or 'ship' in Sir 36:8-9, also seems likely to be secondary to the text; in this case, the word contributes to the eschatological/apocalyptic tone of its poem. The third new reading, סוגרת in Sir 36:23, is much harder to explain, but may reflect a new sense for the verb סגר , similar to that of מלא in the piel, namely, 'fill, satisfy'.
  • KRAUSE, Joachim J., "Whose Speech Is It Anyway?," RdQ 31 (2019), 189-208.
    AbstractThe highly fragmentary Qumran manuscript 4Q378, also known as 4QApocryphon of Joshuaa, features a rewritten version of the Joshua tradition as found in the books of Deuteronomy and Joshua. On frg. 3, to which the small frg. 4 may be joined, an account of the succession of Moses by Joshua is preserved. Part of this account, col. ii features a speech by a first-person plural subject which apparently is based on Josh 1:16-18, the Transjordanian tribes’ response to Joshua. While there is broad agreement as to the identification of the biblical base text, substantial problems in the interpretation of the rewritten version have yet to be discussed, including the question of who is speaking. While Devorah Dimant and Ariel Feldman have argued that the response of the Transjordanian tribes is reworked by the scribe into an address by all Israel, the present paper makes the case for the Transjordanian tribes as the subject also in the rewritten version.
  • ATKINS, Christopher S., "The Yahad as the Locus of Divine Presence," RdQ 31 (2019), 209-238.
    AbstractThe current paper offers a fresh analysis of the hermeneutics of 4Q174 (Florilegium). There is no satisfactory consensus on the organizing principle that holds the document together as a coherent whole, or whether there is an organizing principle. The oft-cited view that the theme is eschatology or 'the latter days' (אחרית הימים) is not satisfactory, for it is too broad to have interpretive value. A reevaluation of 4QFlor is needed. Beginning with the initial unit of 4QFlor I 1-13, I make the case that the polemical interpretive enterprise revolves around the authenticating presence of God in the yahad in the unfolding eschatological drama, and that the creative contribution of 4QFlor is its defense of the yahad as the locus of divine presence. 4QFlor stems from reflection on the yahad’s typologically-exilic experience and gives witness to the yahad’s polemic against the Jerusalem temple cult. The interpretive approach is functionally divinatory and formally deictic.
  • MIZRAHI, Noam , PATMORE, Hector M., "Three Philological Notes on Demonological Terminology in the Songs of the Sage (4Q510 1 4-6)," RdQ 31 (2019), 239-250.
    AbstractThis paper discusses demonological terms occurring in the Songs of the Sage (4Q510 1 4-6, with special attention to line 5), which are all derived from an exegetical conflation of Isa 13:21-22 and 34:14, also recorded in rabbinic demonology. Based on the orthographic conventions of Qumran Hebrew, it is argued that the reading שד אים should be preferred over שדאים and interpreted as comprising two different terms. It is further argued that אים is to be understood as a phonetic spelling of MT’s אִיִּים (occurring in both Isa 13:22 and 34:14), while שֵׁד is the Aramaic counterpart of שָׂעִיר (in the singular, as occurring in Isa 34:14), in accordance to a tradition that is independently documented in Targum Jonathan.
  • JACOBUS, Helen R., "Reconstructing the Calendar of 4Q208-4Q209 (and a Response to Eshbal Ratzon)," RdQ 31 (2019), 251-273.
    AbstractThis study mathematically reconstructs 4QAstronomical Enocha-b ar (4Q208-4Q209) in detail. The findings challenge the recently proposed reconstruction of 4Q209 by Eshbal Ratzon as a full triennial cycle (with a synchronized lunar and solar year), known from the Judean Hebrew calendrical texts found in Qumran (in contrast to Milik’s proposal that the texts represented the first year of a triennial cycle). This reconstruction demonstrates that the Aramaic fragments more accurately match one single synchronized year which is not connected with a triennial cycle. It identifies the placement of certain fragments containing relevant data according to a scheme founded on contemporaneous ancient astronomy in the region and that of another Qumran Aramaic calendrical text. The study finds that the Aramaic calendar of 4Q208-4Q209 should be analyzed on its own terms.
  • TIGCHELAAR, Eibert, "Identification of 4Q56 (4QIsab) Fragments," RdQ 31 (2019), 275-281.
  • KISTER, Menahem, "An Apocalyptic Phrase in 4QPseudo-Ezekiel and in 1 Thess 5:3a," RdQ 31 (2019), 283-290.
  • FELDMAN, Ariel , FELDMAN, Faina, "Is Mur 5 a Mezuzah?," RdQ 31 (2019), 291-293.
  • TIGCHELAAR, Eibert, "The Final Words of Proverbs 14:33-35," RdQ 31 (2019), 299-301.
  • PUECH, Émile, "Fragments des livres de Josué et des Chroniques dans la Grotte 4, 4Q47a et 4Q118 2-3?," RdQ 31 (2019), 303-305.
  • PERROT, Antony, " Identification d'un fragment en paléo-hébreu (4Q124) et d'un fragment en écriture cryptique B (4Q362) de la PAM 43.697," RdQ 31 (2019), 307-312.
  • TIGCHELAAR, Eibert, "Identifications of Qumran Cave 4 Fragments on PAM 43.691," RdQ 31 (2019), 313-320.
  • REYMOND, Eric D., "Evil in Second Temple Judaism and Early Christianity," RdQ 31 (2019), 157-158.
  • REYMOND, Eric D., "The War Scroll, Violence, War and Peace in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Litereature: Essays in Honour of Martin G. Abegg on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday ," RdQ 31 (2019), 159-159.
  • ECKHARDT, Benedikt, "Secret Groups in Ancient Judaism ," RdQ 31 (2019), 160-161.
  • WERRETT, Ian, "Scribal Laws: Exegetical Variation in the Textual Transmission of Biblical Law in the Late Second Temple Period ," RdQ 31 (2019), 162-164.
  • GOFF, Matthew, "Jesus, Paulus und die Texte von Qumran ," RdQ 31 (2019), 165-165.
  • REYMOND, Eric D., "Hebräisches und Aramäisches Wörterbuch zu den Texten vom Toten Meer: Einschließlich der Manuskripte aus der Kairoer Geniza ," RdQ 31 (2019), 321-322.
  • SCHMIDT, A. Jordan, "“With All Your Soul Fear the Lord” (Sir. 7:27): Collected Essays on the Book of Ben Sira II ," RdQ 31 (2019), 323-324.
  • HOLST, Søren, "The Literary Growth of the Song of Songs during the Hasmonean and Early-Herodian Periods," RdQ 31 (2019), 325-326.
  • SCHMIDT, A. Jordan, "Figures Who Shape Scriptures, Scriptures that Shape Figures: Essays in Honor of Benjamin G. Wright III," RdQ 31 (2019), 327-329.
  • ZUCKIER, Sholmo, "Qumran Interpretation of the Genesis Flood," RdQ 31 (2019), 330-333.